A control valve is a device used to regulate the flow of fluids such as gases, liquids, or steam within a system by adjusting the size of the flow passage. This modulation allows for precise control of process variables like pressure, temperature, and liquid levels. In automatic control terminology, a control valve is often referred to as the “final control element” because it implements the control action dictated by a controller. Control valves typically consist of three main components: the actuator, positioner, and valve body. The actuator moves the valve’s modulating element, such as a plug or ball, in response to a control signal, while the positioner ensures the valve reaches the desired degree of opening, compensating for issues like friction or wear.ย 

The valve body contains the modulating element and establishes the flow path. Actuators can be powered pneumatically, electrically, or hydraulically, with pneumatic actuators being common due to their simplicity and reliability. A flow control valve specifically manages the flow rate or pressure of a fluid within a system. These valves respond to signals from devices such as flow meters or temperature gauges to maintain the desired flow parameters. They are essential in applications where maintaining a specific flow rate is critical, ensuring system efficiency and safety.

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